FOUNDATION FOR INTELLIGENT PHYSICAL AGENTS

 

 

FIPA Iterated Contract Net Interaction Protocol Specification

 

Document title

FIPA Iterated Contract Net Interaction Protocol Specification

Document number

SC00030H

Document source

FIPA TC Communication

Document status

Standard

Date of this status

2002/12/03

Supersedes

None

Contact

fab@fipa.org

Change history

See Informative Annex A — ChangeLog

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

© 1996-2002 Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents
http://www.fipa.org/
Geneva, Switzerland

Notice

Use of the technologies described in this specification may infringe patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of FIPA Members and non-members. Nothing in this specification should be construed as granting permission to use any of the technologies described. Anyone planning to make use of technology covered by the intellectual property rights of others should first obtain permission from the holder(s) of the rights. FIPA strongly encourages anyone implementing any part of this specification to determine first whether part(s) sought to be implemented are covered by the intellectual property of others, and, if so, to obtain appropriate licenses or other permission from the holder(s) of such intellectual property prior to implementation. This specification is subject to change without notice. Neither FIPA nor any of its Members accept any responsibility whatsoever for damages or liability, direct or consequential, which may result from the use of this specification.

Foreword

The Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA) is an international organization that is dedicated to promoting the industry of intelligent agents by openly developing specifications supporting interoperability among agents and agent-based applications. This occurs through open collaboration among its member organizations, which are companies and universities that are active in the field of agents. FIPA makes the results of its activities available to all interested parties and intends to contribute its results to the appropriate formal standards bodies where appropriate.

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The FIPA specifications are developed through direct involvement of the FIPA membership. The status of a specification can be either Preliminary, Experimental, Standard, Deprecated or Obsolete. More detail about the process of specification may be found in the FIPA Document Policy [f-out-00000] and the FIPA Specifications Policy [f-out-00003]. A complete overview of the FIPA specifications and their current status may be found on the FIPA Web site.

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Contents

1     FIPA Iterated Contract Net Interaction Protocol 1

1.1      Explanation of the Protocol Flow. 1

1.2      Exceptions to Interaction Protocol Flow. 2

2     References. 4

3     Informative Annex A — ChangeLog. 5

3.1      2002/11/01 - version G by TC X2S. 5

3.2      2002/12/03 - version H by FIPA Architecture Board. 5


1         FIPA Iterated Contract Net Interaction Protocol

The FIPA Iterated Contract Net Interaction Protocol (IP) is an extension of the basic FIPA Contract Net IP (see [FIPA00029]), but it differs by allowing multi-round iterative bidding.

 

The representation of this IP is given in Figure 1 which is based on extensions to UML1.x. [Odell2001]. This protocol is identified by the token fipa-iterated-contract-net as the value of the protocol parameter of the ACL message.

 

 

 

Figure 1: FIPA Iterated Contract Net Interaction Protocol

 

1.1        Explanation of the Protocol Flow

As with the FIPA Contract Net IP, the Initiator issues m initial call for proposals with the cfp act (see [FIPA00037]). Of the n Participants that respond, k are propose messages (see [FIPA00037]) from Participants that are willing and able to do the task under the proposed conditions and the remaining j are from Participants that refuse.

 

Of the k proposals, the Initiator may decide this is the final iteration and accept p of the bids (0 ≤ p ≤ k), and reject the others. Alternatively the Initiator may decide to iterate the process by issuing a revised cfp to l of the Participants and rejecting the remaining k-l Participants. The intent is that the Initiator seeks to get better bids from the Participants by modifying the call and requesting new (equivalently, revised) bids. The process terminates when the Initiator refuses all proposals and does not issue a new cfp, the Initiator accepts one or more of the bids or the Participants all refuse to bid.

 

Any interaction using this interaction protocol is identified by a globally unique, non-null conversation-id parameter, assigned by the Initiator. The agents involved in the interaction must tag all of its ACL messages with this conversation identifier. This enables each agent to manage its communication strategies and activities, for example, it allows an agent to identify individual conversations and to reason across historical records of conversations.

 

In the case of 1:N interaction protocols or sub-protocols the Initiator is free to decide if the same conversation-id parameter should be used or a new one should be issued. Additionally, the messages may specify other interaction-related information such as a timeout in the reply-by parameter that denotes the latest time by which the sending agent would like to have received the next message in the protocol flow.

 

1.2        Exceptions to Interaction Protocol Flow

At any point in the IP, the receiver of a communication can inform the sender that it did not understand what was communicated. This is accomplished by returning a not-understood message. As such, Figure 1 does not depict a not-understood communication as it can occur at any point in the IP. The communication of a not-understood within an interaction protocol may terminate the entire IP and termination of the interaction may imply that any commitments made during the interaction are null and void. However, since this IP broadcasts to more than one Participant, multiple responses are also possible. Each response, then, must be evaluated separately – and some of these responses might be not-understood. However, terminating the entire IP in this case might not be appropriate, as other Participants may be continuing with their sub-protocols.

 

At any point in the IP, the initiator of the IP may cancel the interaction protocol by initiating the meta-protocol shown in Figure 2. The conversation-id parameter of the cancel interaction is identical to the conversation-id parameter of the interaction that the Initiator intends to cancel. The semantics of cancel should roughly be interpreted as meaning that the initiator is no longer interested in continuing the interaction and that it should be terminated in a manner acceptable to both the Initiator and the Participant. The Participant either informs the Initiator that the interaction is done using an inform-done or indicates the failure of the cancellation using a failure.

 

Figure 2: FIPA Cancel Meta-Protocol

 

This IP is a pattern for a simple interaction type. Elaboration on this pattern will almost certainly be necessary in order to specify all cases that might occur in an actual agent interaction. Real world issues such as the effects of cancelling actions, asynchrony, abnormal or unexpected IP termination, nested IPs, and the like, are explicitly not addressed here.

 


2         References

[FIPA00029]      FIPA Contract Net Interaction Protocol Specification. Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents, 2000.
http://www.fipa.org/specs/fipa00029/

[FIPA00037]      FIPA Communicative Act Library Specification. Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents, 2000. http://www.fipa.org/specs/fipa00037/

[Odell2001]        Odell, James, Van Dyke Parunak, H. and Bauer, B., Representing Agent Interaction Protocols in UML. In: Agent-Oriented Software Engineering, Ciancarini, P. and Wooldridge, M., Eds., Springer, pp. 121-140, Berlin, 2001.
http://www.fipa.org/docs/input/f-in-00077/

 


3         Informative Annex A — ChangeLog

3.1        2002/11/01 - version G by TC X2S

Page 1, Figure 1:             The not-understood communication was removed

Page 1, Figure 1:             To conform to UML 2, the protocol name was placed in a boundary, x is removed from the diamonds (xor is now the default) and the template box was removed

Page 1, line 42:                Reworked and expanded the section description of the IP

Page 1, line 57:                Added a new section on Explanation of Protocol Flow

Page 1, line 57:                Reworked and expanded the section on Exceptions of Protocol Flow to incorporate a meta-protocol for cancel

Page 1, line 57:                Added a paragraph explaining the not-understood communication and its relationship with the IP

 

3.2        2002/12/03 - version H by FIPA Architecture Board

Entire document:              Promoted to Standard status